In recent years, China has significantly enhanced its aerial combat capabilities, establishing itself as a formidable player in the realm of global military aviation. The Chinese People’s Liberation Army Air Force (PLAAF) has evolved from older, legacy aircraft to a contemporary fleet that incorporates state-of-the-art technology, stealth features, and sophisticated weaponry. A pivotal aspect of this transformation has been the introduction of fifth-generation fighter jets, including the Chengdu J-20, alongside the development of other high-performance aircraft such as the FC-31, J-16, and J-10C. This modernization initiative has also resulted in the decommissioning of obsolete models, particularly the Chengdu J-7.
The Emergence of China’s Advanced Fighter Jets
China’s commitment to modernizing its air force has intensified over the last twenty years. Some of the notable aircraft symbolizing this advancement include:
J-20 Mighty Dragon
The Chengdu J-20 stands as China’s inaugural stealth fighter jet and is among the few operational fifth-generation aircraft globally. Engineered to rival the U.S. F-22 Raptor and F-35 Lightning II, the J-20 boasts stealth technology, advanced avionics, long-range strike capabilities, and supercruise functionality. Its development signifies China’s aspiration to achieve air dominance in the Asia-Pacific region and beyond.
FC-31 Gyrfalcon
The FC-31, also referred to as the J-35 (its naval variant), is another stealth fighter currently under development, targeting both export and carrier operations. Featuring twin engines and a streamlined design, the FC-31 represents China’s response to the F-35, designed for both domestic and international markets.
J-16 Strike Fighter
Originating from the Russian Su-30, the J-16 is a twin-engine multirole fighter equipped with advanced radar, electronic warfare systems, and precision strike capabilities. It has emerged as a reliable asset for the PLAAF, particularly for long-range missions.
The J-10C is a third-generation multirole aircraft equipped with advanced avionics, AESA radar, and the capability to carry sophisticated air-to-air and air-to-ground missiles. It serves as the cornerstone of China’s tactical fighter fleet.
Reasons for the Grounding of the J-7
The Chengdu J-7, a Chinese adaptation of the Soviet MiG-21, has been in service with the PLAAF since the 1960s. Despite undergoing several upgrades throughout the years, it has now become outdated in light of contemporary warfare demands.
Key Factors Leading to Retirement:
Aging Technology
The J-7 is rooted in a design from the 1960s, featuring limited radar capabilities, a short operational range, and antiquated avionics. In modern combat situations, particularly those involving stealth and electronic warfare, the J-7 would be exceedingly susceptible.
Limited Combat Capability
The aircraft lacks stealth characteristics, has a restricted weapon load, and does not possess the situational awareness that modern jets offer. It is ill-suited for beyond-visual-range engagements or integrated network warfare.
Safety and Maintenance Concerns
Like many aging aircraft, the J-7 has become increasingly expensive to maintain. Reports have also highlighted safety issues, including fatal incidents involving the jet in recent years.
Transition to Modern Air Force Doctrine
China’s military strategy now prioritizes informationized warfare, stealth, electronic warfare, and multirole adaptability. The J-7 does not conform to these strategic objectives.
Shift in Training Focus
In the past, the J-7 was widely utilized for pilot training. However, with the introduction of newer aircraft such as the JL-10 advanced trainer, training programs are now more aligned with the capabilities of modern fighters.
The retirement of the J-7 signifies the conclusion of an era in Chinese aviation and represents the nation’s advancement towards establishing a world-class air force. With an expanding fleet of fourth- and fifth-generation jets, China is positioning itself as a frontrunner in military aviation.